Logo-aim
Arch Iran Med. 2020;23(4): 239-243. doi: 10.34172/aim.2020.04
PMID: 32271596

Original Article

Co-infection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza A: A Report from Iran

Zohre Khodamoradi 1,2 * ORCID, Mohsen Moghadami 3 * ORCID, Mehrzad Lotfi 4

Cited by CrossRef: 66

1- Santos A, Gonçalves L, Oliveira A, Queiroz P, Ito C, Santos M, Carneiro L. Bacterial Co-Infection in Patients with COVID-19 Hospitalized (ICU and Not ICU): Review and Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics. 2022;11(7):894 [Crossref]
2- Orozco-Hernández J, Montoya-Martínez J, Pacheco-Gallego M, Céspedes-Roncancio M, Porras-Hurtado G. Coinfección por SARS-CoV-2 y rinovirus-enterovirus en una paciente adulta joven críticamente enferma en Colombia. biomedica. 2020;40(Supl. 2):34 [Crossref]
3- Schweitzer K, Crue T, Nall J, Foster D, Sajuthi S, Correll K, Nakamura M, Everman J, Downey G, Seibold M, Bridges J, Serban K, Chu H, Petrache I. Influenza virus infection increases ACE2 expression and shedding in human small airway epithelial cells. Eur Respir J. 2021;58(1):2003988 [Crossref]
4- Sharma K, Berry L, Vryonis E, Ali A, Lara B, Noufaily A, Parsons N, Bradley C, Haley B, Tabuso M, Arasaradnam R. Prospective, randomised, parallel-group, open-label study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of IMU-838, in combination with oseltamivir, in adults with COVID-19: theIONICtrial protocol. BMJ Open. 2022;12(11):e055205 [Crossref]
5- Singh A, Gupta A, Das K. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and tuberculosis coinfection: Double trouble. Indian J Med Spec. 2020;11(3):164 [Crossref]
6- Ali R, Patel A, Chan K, Veeraballi S, Slim J. A Case Series of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Co-infection. 2021; [Crossref]
7- Khatami F, Saatchi M, Zadeh S, Aghamir Z, Shabestari A, Reis L, Aghamir S. A meta-analysis of accuracy and sensitivity of chest CT and RT-PCR in COVID-19 diagnosis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1) [Crossref]
8- Garcia-Vidal C, Sanjuan G, Moreno-García E, Puerta-Alcalde P, Garcia-Pouton N, Chumbita M, Fernandez-Pittol M, Pitart C, Inciarte A, Bodro M, Morata L, Ambrosioni J, Grafia I, Meira F, Macaya I, Cardozo C, Casals C, Tellez A, Castro P, Marco F, García F, Mensa J, Martínez J, Soriano A, Rico V, Hernández-Meneses M, Agüero D, Torres B, González A, de la Mora L, Rojas J, Linares L, Fidalgo B, Rodriguez N, Nicolas D, Albiach L, Muñoz J, Almuedo A, Camprubí D, Angeles Marcos M, Camprubí D, Cilloniz C, Fernández S, Nicolas J, Torres A. Incidence of co-infections and superinfections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2021;27(1):83 [Crossref]
9- Kanakan A, Mishra N, Srinivasa Vasudevan J, Sahni S, Khan A, Sharma S, Pandey R. Threading the Pieces Together: Integrative Perspective on SARS-CoV-2. Pathogens. 2020;9(11):912 [Crossref]
10- Varshney K, Pillay P, Mustafa A, Shen D, Adalbert J, Mahmood M. A systematic review of the clinical characteristics of influenza-COVID-19 co-infection. Clin Exp Med. 2023;23(7):3265 [Crossref]
11- Khodamoradi Z, Hosseini S, Gholampoor Saadi M, Mehrabi Z, Sasani M, Yaghoubi S. COVID‐19 meningitis without pulmonary involvement with positive cerebrospinal fluid PCR. Euro J of Neurology. 2020;27(12):2668 [Crossref]
12- Dai Y, Wang J, Samy A. Identifying the outbreak signal of COVID-19 before the response of the traditional disease monitoring system. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(10):e0008758 [Crossref]
13- Urueña A, Micone P, Magneres C, Mould-Quevedo J, Giglio N. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Switching from Trivalent to Quadrivalent Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Argentina. Vaccines. 2021;9(4):335 [Crossref]
14- Heidari Z, Tajbakhsh A, Gheibihayat S, Moattari A, Razban V, Berenjian A, Savardashtaki A, Negahdaripour M. Probiotics/Prebiotics in Viral Respiratory Infections: Implication for Emerging Pathogens. BIOT. 2021;15(2):112 [Crossref]
15- Ghaznavi H, Shirvaliloo M, Sargazi S, Mohammadghasemipour Z, Shams Z, Hesari Z, Shahraki O, Nazarlou Z, Sheervalilou R, Shirvalilou S. SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza viruses: Strategies to cope with coinfection and bioinformatics perspective. Cell Biology International. 2022;46(7):1009 [Crossref]
16- Kozinska A, Wegrzynska K, Komiazyk M, Walory J, Wasko I, Baraniak A. Viral Etiological Agent(s) of Respiratory Tract Infections in Symptomatic Individuals during the Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Drive-Thru Mobile Collection Site Study. Pathogens. 2022;11(4):475 [Crossref]
17- Miatech J, Tarte N, Katragadda S, Polman J, Robichaux S. A case series of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus in Louisiana. Respiratory Medicine Case Reports. 2020;31:101214 [Crossref]
18- Ramanujam A, Almodovar S, Botte G. Ultra-Fast Electrochemical Sensor for Point-of-Care COVID-19 Diagnosis Using Non-Invasive Saliva Sampling. Processes. 2021;9(7):1236 [Crossref]
19- Chotpitayasunondh T, Fischer T, Heraud J, Hurt A, Monto A, Osterhaus A, Shu Y, Tam J. Influenza and COVID‐19: What does co‐existence mean?. Influenza Resp Viruses. 2021;15(3):407 [Crossref]
20- D’Abramo A, Lepore L, Palazzolo C, Barreca F, Liuzzi G, Lalle E, Nicastri E. Acute respiratory distress syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A co-infection in an Italian patient: Mini-review of the literature. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020;97:236 [Crossref]
21- Sánchez‐Duque J, Orozco‐Hernández J, Marín‐Medina D, Cvetkovic‐Vega A, Aveiro‐Róbalo T, Mondragon‐Cardona A, Failoc‐Rojas V, Gutiérrez‐Ocampo E, Villamizar‐Peña R, Henao‐Martínez J, Arteaga‐Livias K, Rodríguez‐Morales A. Are we now observing an increasing number of coinfections between SARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory pathogens?. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020;92(11):2398 [Crossref]
22- Gilley R, Dube P. Free Vaccinations for All Is, Morally and Economically, the Right Way to Prepare for Pandemic and Seasonal Respiratory Infections. Am J Public Health. 2020;110(8):1143 [Crossref]
23- Antony S, Almaghlouth N, Heydemann E. Are coinfections with COVID‐19 and influenza low or underreported? An observational study examining current published literature including three new unpublished cases. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020;92(11):2489 [Crossref]
24- Musuuza J, Watson L, Parmasad V, Putman-Buehler N, Christensen L, Safdar N, Huber V. Prevalence and outcomes of co-infection and superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(5):e0251170 [Crossref]
25- Wang G, Gu Y, Wang C, Wang F, Hsu A. A Game of Infection – Song of Respiratory Viruses and Interferons. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12 [Crossref]
26- Dai Y, Wang J. Identification of COVID-19 Outbreak Signals Prior to the Traditional Disease Surveillance System. SSRN Journal. 2020; [Crossref]
27- Poluektova V, Burdova E, Filatova A, Ladygina E, Litvinova E, Malov V, Popugaev K, Volchkova E, Petrikov S. The combined course of COVID-19 and influenza: clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment. Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases. 2021;25(3):132 [Crossref]
28- Eisen A, Gularte J, Demoliner M, de Abreu Goés Pereira V, Heldt F, Filippi M, de Almeida P, Hansen A, Fleck J, Spilki F. Low circulation of Influenza A and coinfection with SARS‐CoV‐2 among other respiratory viruses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a region of southern Brazil. Journal of Medical Virology. 2021;93(7):4392 [Crossref]
29- Schirmer P, Lucero-Obusan C, Sharma A, Sohoni P, Oda G, Holodniy M. Respiratory co-infections with COVID-19 in the Veterans Health Administration, 2020. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 2021;100(1):115312 [Crossref]
30- Arcana R, Crișan-Dabija R, Tesloianu A, Popa D, Rohozneanu O, Buculei I, Antoniu S, Trofor A. Influenza vaccine in COVID-19 patients: Who?, why?, when?. 2020;69(3):151 [Crossref]
31- Zhang S, Su X, Wang J, Chen M, Li C, Li T, Ge S, Xia N. Nucleic Acid Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019: Demand, Research Progression, and Perspective. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry. 2022;52(2):413 [Crossref]
32- Dadashi M, Khaleghnejad S, Abedi Elkhichi P, Goudarzi M, Goudarzi H, Taghavi A, Vaezjalali M, Hajikhani B. COVID-19 and Influenza Co-infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med. 2021;8 [Crossref]
33- Khodamoradi Z, Boogar S, Shirazi F, Kouhi P. COVID-19 and Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Postpartum Patient. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(8):1937 [Crossref]
34- Kiseleva I, Larionova N, Grigorieva E, Ksenafontov A, Al Farroukh M, Rudenko L. Salient features of circulating respiratory viruses in the pre- and pandemic influenza and COVID-19 seasons. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2021;11(6):1009 [Crossref]
35- Jung B, Ham S, Kim J. Comparison of Blood Test Results and Symptoms of Patients with COVID-19 Monoinfection and with COVID-19 and Influenza Virus Co-Infection. Korean J Clin Lab Sci. 2022;54(2):103 [Crossref]
36- Ragni P, Marino M, Formisano D, Bisaccia E, Scaltriti S, Bedeschi E, Grilli R. Association between Exposure to Influenza Vaccination and COVID-19 Diagnosis and Outcomes. Vaccines. 2020;8(4):675 [Crossref]
37- Jiang C, Yao X, Zhao Y, Wu J, Huang P, Pan C, Liu S, Pan C. Comparative review of respiratory diseases caused by coronaviruses and influenza A viruses during epidemic season. Microbes and Infection. 2020;22(6-7):236 [Crossref]
38- Eslambolchi A, Maliglig A, Gupta A, Gholamrezanezhad A. COVID-19 or non-COVID viral pneumonia: How to differentiate based on the radiologic findings?. WJR. 2020;12(12):289 [Crossref]
39- Akhtar Z, Islam M, Aleem M, Mah-E-Muneer S, Ahmmed M, Ghosh P, Rahman M, Rahman M, Sumiya M, Rahman M, Shirin T, Alamgir A, Banu S, Rahman M, Chowdhury F. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus coinfection among patients with severe acute respiratory infection during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: a hospital-based descriptive study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(11):e053768 [Crossref]
40- Maltezou H, Papanikolopoulou A, Vassiliu S, Theodoridou K, Nikolopoulou G, Sipsas N. COVID-19 and Respiratory Virus Co-Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Viruses. 2023;15(4):865 [Crossref]
41- Xiang X, Wang Z, Ye L, He X, Wei X, Ma Y, Li H, Chen L, Wang X, Zhou Q. Co-infection of SARS-COV-2 and Influenza A Virus: A Case Series and Fast Review. CURR MED SCI. 2021;41(1):51 [Crossref]
42- Krittanawong C, Narasimhan B, Virk H, Narasimhan H, Hahn J, Wang Z, Tang W. Misinformation Dissemination in Twitter in the COVID-19 Era. The American Journal of Medicine. 2020;133(12):1367 [Crossref]
43- Baala L, Benzekri-Lefevre D, Bret L, Kamel T, Guillaume C, Courtellemont L, El Khalil A, Guery T, Iquel S, Perche O, Khadre K, Brungs T, Decker J, Francia T, Bois J, Delamare B, Guinard J, Got L, Briault S, Boulain T, Legac E. Case Report: Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza H1N1 in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome and a pulmonary sarcoidosis. F1000Res. 2022;9:1482 [Crossref]
44- Yedlapati S, Mendu A, Tummala V, Maganti S, Nasir K, Khan S. Vaccines and cardiovascular outcomes: lessons learned from influenza epidemics. 2023;25(Supplement_A):A17 [Crossref]
45- Meunier O, Eekeneelder D, Hltter C, Santasouk J. Covid-19 et grippe : intention de vaccination chez les professionnels de santé. Soins. 2021;66(854):16 [Crossref]
46- Gülgösteren S, Aloğlu M, Akgündüz (Üzmezoğlu) B, Gökçek A, Atikcan Ş. Characteristics of Thoracic CT Findings in Differentiating COVID-19 Pneumonia from Non-COVID-19 Viral Pneumonia. J Health Care and Research. 2021;2(2):110 [Crossref]
47- Baala L, Benzekri-Lefevre D, Bret L, Guillaume C, Courtellemont L, El Khalil A, Guery T, Iquel S, Perche O, Khadre K, Brungs T, Decker J, Francia T, Bois J, Delamare B, Guinard J, Got L, Briault S, Boulain T, Legac E. Case Report: Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza H1N1 in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome. F1000Res. 2020;9:1482 [Crossref]
48- Kiseleva I, Grigorieva E, Larionova N, Al Farroukh M, Rudenko L. COVID-19 in Light of Seasonal Respiratory Infections. Biology. 2020;9(9):240 [Crossref]
49- Wang H, Xu J, Li S, Wang X, Liu G, Yang S, Zhao F, Liu Q, Chen X, He C, Li M. An integrated dual-layer microfluidic platform for multiple respiratory viruses screening. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2023;1242:340812 [Crossref]
50- Souza P, Mesquita F, Amaral J, Landim P, Lima K, Costa M, Farias I, Lima L, Montenegro R. The human pandemic coronaviruses on the show: The spike glycoprotein as the main actor in the coronaviruses play. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2021;179:1 [Crossref]
51- Hashemi S, Safamanesh S, Ghafouri M, Taghavi M, Mohajer Zadeh Heydari M, Namdar Ahmadabad H, Ghasemzadeh‐Moghaddam H, Azimian A. Co‐infection with COVID‐19 and influenza A virus in two died patients with acute respiratory syndrome, Bojnurd, Iran. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020;92(11):2319 [Crossref]
52- D Sleator R, Darby S, Giltinan A, Smith N. COVID-19: in the absence of vaccination – ‘mask the nation’. Future Microbiology. 2020;15(11):963 [Crossref]
53- Shah M, Sohail A, Jaffry A, Khurshid M, Nashwan A, Ullah I. Influenza a and COVID-19 Coinfection: A Systematic Review of Cases. SSRN Journal. 2022; [Crossref]
54- Behrouzi B, Araujo Campoverde M, Liang K, Talbot H, Bogoch I, McGeer A, Fröbert O, Loeb M, Vardeny O, Solomon S, Udell J. Influenza Vaccination to Reduce Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With COVID-19. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;76(15):1777 [Crossref]
55- Heshmat-Ghahdarijani K, Vaseghi G, Nasirian M, Javanmard S. Co-infection between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the influenza Type B in Isfahan, Iran. J Res Med Sci. 2021;26(1):51 [Crossref]
56- Wu P, Lu W, He L, Meng Y, Wu P, Ding W, Ma K, Liu J. COVID-19 Patients with Recent Influenza A/B Infection: A Retrospective Study. Journal of Infection. 2021;82(1):159 [Crossref]
57- Lubna S, Chinta S, Burra P, Vedantham K, Ray S, Bandyopadhyay D. New substitutions on NS1 protein from influenza A (H1N1) virus: Bioinformatics analyses of Indian strains isolated from 2009 to 2020. Health Science Reports. 2022;5(3) [Crossref]
58- Souza P, Mesquita F, Amaral J, Landim P, Lima K, Costa M, Farias I, Belém M, Pinto Y, Moreira H, Magalhaes I, Castelo-Branco D, Montenegro R, de Andrade C. The spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2: A review of how mutations of spike glycoproteins have driven the emergence of variants with high transmissibility and immune escape. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2022;208:105 [Crossref]
59- Fernández-Rodríguez A, Casas I, Culebras E, Morilla E, Cohen M, Alberola J. COVID-19 y estudios microbiológicos post mortem. Revista Española de Medicina Legal. 2020;46(3):127 [Crossref]
60- Ozaras R, Cirpin R, Duran A, Duman H, Arslan O, Bakcan Y, Kaya M, Mutlu H, Isayeva L, Kebanlı F, Deger B, Bekeshev E, Kaya F, Bilir S. Influenza and COVID‐19 coinfection: Report of six cases and review of the literature. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020;92(11):2657 [Crossref]
61- Shirvani F, Babaie D, Karimi A. COVID-19 and Influenza: Differences, Similarities, and Coinfection. Arch Pediatr Infect Dis. 2022;10(2) [Crossref]
62- Chela H, Pasha S, Wan X, Ghouri Y. A review on medical management of inflammatory bowel disease during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. J of Gastro and Hepatol. 2021;36(4):918 [Crossref]

SCImago Journal & Country Rank

About Us

A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Medical Journal Published by the Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. Iran; Indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINHAL, PASCAL, CSA, SID, ISSN: Print 1029-2977, Online 1735-3947.The impact factor of Archives of Iranian Medicine according to Journal Citation Reports® (JCR®) 2016 is 1.20.